Reconstructive Surgery
Restoring form and function after cancer, trauma or congenital conditions
Breast Reconstruction
Breast reconstruction rebuilds the shape of the breast following mastectomy or major breast injury. Options include implant-based reconstruction (direct-to-implant or staged with a tissue expander with or without fat grafting), autologous reconstruction using the patient's own tissue (most commonly from the abdomen - DIEP, TRAM flaps - or from the back - latissimus dorsi flaps - or from the gluteal area or thigh - SGAP, IGAP or PAP flaps), or a combination. Reconstruction can be immediate at the time of mastectomy or delayed months to years later, and is often accompanied by nipple and areolar reconstruction once the breast has settled.
Post-Burn Reconstruction
Post-burn reconstruction is a staged, long-term programme to improve the function and appearance of burn scars and contractures. Techniques include scar release with tissue rearrangement techniques, skin grafts, tissue expansion, local and free flap reconstruction, laser resurfacing, fat grafting and silicone/pressure therapy. Early reconstruction targets critical contractures that restrict movement or affect growth, while later stages refine appearance once scars have matured.
Post-Trauma Reconstruction
Post-trauma reconstruction restores form and function after injuries from road traffic accidents, work-related trauma, crush injuries, dog bites and penetrating wounds. It may involve skin grafts, local or free flaps, bone and joint reconstruction, nerve and tendon repair and scar revision, often delivered in stages over months or years. Rehabilitation with physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychological support is an integral part of recovery.
Pressure Sore Reconstruction
Pressure sores develop over bony prominences — around the hips, back and heels — in patients with impaired mobility or sensation. Deep stage 3 and 4 pressure sores that fail conservative wound care are treated by surgical debridement (cleaning) of all necrotic (non-viable) tissue and reconstruction with well-vascularised flaps. Lifelong pressure-relief strategies are essential to prevent recurrence following reconstruction.
Complex Wound Closure and Management
Complex wound closure addresses wounds that cannot be closed directly because of size, contamination, poor blood supply or exposure of bone, tendon or hardware. Techniques include specialsied dressings, delayed primary closure, skin grafts, flap reconstruciton, tissue expansion and negative-pressure wound therapy. Optimising the patient's medical status — smoking cessation, diabetes control, nutrition — is central to successful healing.
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